Encapsulation of glyphosate herbicide with the water soluble polymers and nanoparticles was done by spray drying method. Two polymers such as Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Poly Styrene Sulfonate (PSS) were chosen based on their solubility. They were characterized for their functionality, size, shape and composition using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EDAX. Different kinds of metal nanoparticles such as iron oxide and silver nanoparticles were synthesized in the laboratory. A laboratory experiment was carried out at the Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to encapsulate the glyphosate herbicide to improve the translocation efficiency. Moreover, SEM studies showed that morphologies of the spray dried composite powders were affected by the amount of PVP addition.Д®ncapsulation is one of the quality preservation techniques of sensitive substances and a method for production of materials with new valuable properties. The results of XRD analysis revealed the minimum heat treatment temperature was 1300вЊ for akermanite formation.

The obtained powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x- ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS), particle size analysis (PSA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas pycnometer techniques. Spray drying parameters like inlet temperature, feed rate and drying airflow rate were adjusted in optimum conditions. By spray drying process, it was provided to have PVP doped akermanite powders in homogeneous and narrow particle size distribution. Akermanite powders were synthesis from ball milling and heat treatment at different temperatures. The aim of this study is obtained polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) doped akermanite powders as potential biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications. This novel and intelligent slow- and controlled-release technology could enhance the target ability and improve the dispersibility and stability of active ingredients, pesticide loading and environmental viability. In this chapter, a brief description about pesticides, raw materials, manufacturing methods of slow and controlled release of pesticides and preparation methods of pesticide microcapsule like nanopesticides is discussed. This concept may be greatly improving the use of pesticides by reducing waste and pollution. This approach designs an intelligent smart process like вЂslow and controlled release of pesticidesвЂ™.

Therefore to overcome the limitations of using traditional pesticide formulation, a new facile and innovative method of pesticide formulation has been addressed. In recent years, pesticides have obtained enormous attention in the field of agriculture and food industry. To ensuring the food safety, pesticides are used as the fundamental material against the major biological disasters. Finally, the exemplary direction of CS development is suggested.

The properties and applications of various MMC and ceramic coatings are also discussed. Further in the paper, differences in the bonding mechanism of metalвЂ“ceramic mixtures and ceramic particles are presented. Furthermore, with optimization of spraying parameters, it is possible to predict and control phase transformation in the feedstock material. Due to the combination of bottom-up powder production methods (e.g., sol-gel (SG)) with LCPS, the metal matrix that works as a binder for ceramic particles in MMC coatings can be removed, resulting in all-ceramic coatings. In the next part, the most useful feedstock powder preparation techniques for LCPS are presented. At the very beginning, the influence of LPCS process parameters on deposition efficiency (DE) is analysed. This paper concerns the low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) variant employed for forming metal matrix composites (MMCs) with high ceramic contents and all-ceramic coatings. The significance of CS lies in the low process temperature, which usually ensures compressive residual stresses and allows for the formation of coatings on a thermally sensitive substrate. Based on the recent analysis of various databases, cold spray (CS), the newest method among thermal spraying technologies, has received the unabated attention of hundreds of researchers continuously since its invention in the 1980s.

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